July 2018 – Page 2 of 2

TP-Link M7650 LTE-A Pro Mobile WiFi Hotspot Test

We had introduced the TP-Link M7650 mobile WiFi hotspot a few days ago and somebody asked about the performance of this new 4G LTE WiFi Router. We will take a test today to see what the TP-Link M7650 mobile hotspot can bring to us.

TP-Link M7650 Specifications and Package

As the most advanced 4G mobile WiFi hotspot, TP-Link M7650 supports LTE Cat.11 with theoretically up to 600 MBit/s in the download and 50 MBit/s in the upload. Simultaneous surfing is possible with up to 32 devices, namely via dual-band WLAN IEEE802.11a/b/g/n/ac with theoretically up to 300 MBit/s on the 2.4 GHz and up to 867 MBit/s on the 5 GHz band. The 3000 mAh battery is designed to provide power for up to 15 hours of operation. A microSD card slot donates up to 32 GB of additional storage space, provided you plug in an additional memory card. The TP-Link M7650 router is controlled either via the display and two pushbuttons, via the tpMiFi app or a web interface.

The TP-Link M7650 mobile WiFi is supplied in a blue metallic shiny cardboard packaging. The dimension is 6.7 x 1.6 x 11.2 cm and fits into the jeans pocket. The light gray case is slightly gummed, so the router does not slip easily out of hand. On the top there is a glossy black plastic surface around the display that magically attracts dust and fingerprints. At the left of this area is the menu button for the display, and the right of it is the power button, on a long narrow side the microUSB port for charging the battery.

In the package, we found a USB cable, various short instructions and an adapter from Nano-SIM to Micro in addition to the 3000 mAh battery. In the TP-link M67650 router, users can insert a micro-SIM, with adapter for a nano-SIM, but if with an old mini SIM, the router cannot be operated. And TP-Link also provides a plug-in power supply for the router, which can be charged on the USB port.

TP-Link M7650 Power on

After unpacking, you should first take a look inside the small LTE router and, if necessary, make a note of some details or take pictures with your mobile phone. Because the address and the password for the administration interface are located under the battery on the nameplate. And on the inside of the lid, the password for the Wi-Fi hotspot is printed, which is also required for use. The removal of the lid we found to be somewhat difficult, because you actually need long fingernails and some strength to reach into the notch of the lid on the device corner and then can lever up the lid.

The micro-SIM slot reminded us a bit of old Nokia phones. First, the lock must be released and folded up. After inserting the SIM, the lock is folded down again and locked. If desired, a memory card can still be inserted, for the operation of the TP-link 4G router as an Internet access device that is of course not necessary. Now the battery is inserted, the lid is closed and the hotspot is switched on or the battery is charged first.

In our test, the TP-Link M7650 recognized our LTE SIM card within a few seconds and connected to the mobile network. The PIN query we had already disabled before inserting the SIM, if you do not do that, if necessary, enter the PIN. On the 1.44-inch display, the top left of the power indicator is showing the technology used (in our case 4G). In the middle above, the WLAN icon indicates how many devices are logged into the network. At the top right is the battery level, in the middle of the display is the already used data volume and below is the network operator. Now we could couple different devices via WLAN and surf.

TP-Link M7650: Settings, App, Speedtest, Battery & Conclusion

The TP-Link M7650 can be administered in three ways: Some of the settings can be changed via the display and the two pushbuttons. The menu is navigated by pressing the menu key several times. Under “Device Info” users can display the WLAN password in plain text. “Power Saving” allows to switch the energy saving mode on and off. “WPS” couples the router to compatible devices, and “Wifi Band” allows switching between 2.4 and 5 GHz bands. In “Network Mode” manual, switching between 3G and 4G is possible; 2G cannot be selected explicitly. “Data roaming” allows the use of the router in data roaming; by default this feature is disabled.

The web interface of the TP-Link M7650 router address http://tplinkmifi.net on a paired device, the default password is admin. The third administration option is the app tpMiFi, which is available for Android and iOS. Via the app or the web interface, more extensive settings can be made than via the pushbuttons and the display. For example, it can be turned off that the Wi-Fi password appears on the display. If the tariff allows it, SMS can be sent and received via the hotspot. In addition, the administrator can set a data limit that can be maximized. Unwanted WLAN clients can be locked out.

TP-Link M7650 Performance

In the speed test, the TP-Link M7650 scored very well in our test measurements. We went to many places, where we knew that the mobile network reception is possible under almost optimal conditions. There, the TP-Link M7650 effortlessly managed to reach the maximum possible 50 Mbps downstream with our SIM card, even several times. For some test measurements, the value was even more than 60 Mbps downstream. The upstream, which is actually limited to 10 Mbit/s at our tariff, several times was even 12 Mbit/s. The ping was also very low with values of around 20 ms.

But even in poorly supplied areas, the router showed that it can “tickle out” the maximum available locally from the network. Stagnations or dropouts we did not notice. In normal operation, the TP-Link M7650 router should not be warm, but in the blazing sun you should not operate it for a long time, as this could damage the plastic body and the battery.

TP-Link M7650 Battery

In terms of battery life, TP-Link promises that the M7650 Router can last around 15 hours on a single charge. In our experience, this value should be seen as the maximum value and ultimately it depends on the setting: If you turn off the power saving mode, the Wi-Fi hotspot is constantly on, and not only when a device requires a connection. Of course, this sucks on the battery as well as any additional wireless client that contacts the LTE router for synchronization or data traffic. Also, the operation in the car can “gnaw” at the battery capacity when the hotspot must “overcome” the metal shell of the car body to make contact with the mobile network and hold.

If the battery is fully charged, the energy-saving mode is switched on and about five to ten devices are connected to the M7650 hotspot, which is not more than ten meters away, the battery should in our estimation without problems last ten to twelve hours, so a whole working day. In a building, you can also operate the router permanently at the socket – the battery problem is in any case only in one operation on the road.

Conclusion: Good Portable LTE router for Wireless Connection

The TP-Link M7650 proves to be a portable and robust router in the test, which can be easily put into operation and administered. Depending on the mobile phone tariff used, fast surfing with up to 32 devices is possible. The battery lasts around ten to twelve hours. However, the LTE hotspot price is not a bargain and the quickly smeared plastic surface around the display is visually unattractive.

Actually, there are many options of Portable LTE router available which can provide even faster speed such as the Gigabit LTE router Netgear Nighthawk M1 and Huawei E5788. You’d better check more before making the buy decision.

Huawei B612 VS Huawei B715

Since 4G LTE is becoming the mainstream, many people abandoned their ADSL router to change to LTE 4G Wireless routers for their home or offices. As the top network equipment worldwide, Huawei 4G LTE Router has gained a great reputation from the thousands of worldwide users. However, there are many Huawei 4G LTE Routers available in the market, if someone wants to buy one Huawei 4G LTE router, which one to buy? Today, we would like to recommend two latest Huawei 4G Routers: Huawei B612 and Huawei B715 WiFi Router. You may ask: What’s the difference between the B612 and 715? Then read the following content and we suppose you will find the answer.

Huawei B612 VS Huawei B715 Appearance and Interfaces

The Huawei B612 and B715 are both in traditional Huawei design like predecessor model Huawei E5186 and B593. On the front, there are few indicators to show the status of Power, Mode, WiFi, LAN and Signal. Huawei logo is located below the indicators. On the back, there are four RJ45 ports for Ethernet connection, actually, 3 ports for LAN and one is for both LAN & WAN. They also both have the RJ11 port for a telephone. The Huawei B715 has one more USB port but B612 doesn’t have the USB port.

They both have two SMA connectors for external LTE antennas which are located at the top back and covered by a cover. Users need to open the cover to see and connect antennas. And they both have the SIM card slot located at the bottom of the router. The difference is on that modem Huawei B612 has an angled backrest, which makes it stand stably.

Huawei B715 VS B612 Specifications and Features

From the appearance, we can see the Huawei B715 and Huawei B612 WiFi routers are very similar. Then let’s have a comparison of Huawei B715 specs and Huawei B612 specs:

Model	Huawei B612	Huawei B715s-23c
Product type	Huawei WiFi Router with Ethernet port	Huawei WiFi Router with Ethernet port
Category	LTE Cat.6	LTE Cat.9
Chipset	HiSilicon LTE Cat6 Chipset	?
Data rates	DL 300Mbps/UL 50Mbps	DL 450Mbps/UL 50Mbps
Supported 4G LTE frequency bands	Huawei B612s-25d: B1/B3/B7/B8/B20/B38/B40/B41/B42/B43 Huawei B612s-51d: B2/B4/B5/B7/B41	LTE B1, B3, B7, B8, B20, B28, B32, B38
WLAN	802.11 b/g/n/ac, single-band 2.4GHz	802.11a/b/g/n/ac, dual-band 2.4GHz & 5GHz
Max supported users	32 users	64 users
MIMO	4 x 4 MIMO	4 X 4 MIMO
Connector for external antenna	Two, SMA-female jacks	Two, SMA-female jacks
Buy Antenna	Huawei B612 external antenna	Huawei B715 External Antenna
App management	Huawei Hilink APP	Huawei Hilink APP
SIM Size	Micro SIM	Micro SIM
Battery	NO	NO
Dimensions	240 × 155 × 78 mm	240mm × 448mm × 47mm
Interfaces	* 3 x LAN port(RJ45) * 1 x LAN/WAN port (RJ45) * 1 x telephone port(RJ11) * Two external LTE antenna ports (SMA-female) * One micro-SIM card slot * 1 x USB 2.0 port	* 1 x power adapter port * 3 x LAN port(45) * 1 x LAN/WAN port (45) * 1 x telephone port(RJ11) * Two external LTE antenna ports (SMA-J1.5) * One micro-SIM card slot * 1 x USB 2.0 port
Datasheet	Huawei B612 Datasheet(PDF)	Huawei B715 Datasheet(PDF)
User Manual	Huawei B612 User Manual(PDF)	Huawei B715 User Manual(PDF)
Other features	Firewall, CS Voice, VoIP, VoLTE, IPv6/IPv4 dual stack, NAT, DHCP, VPN, DMZ, UPnP, ALG,	VPN, VoLTE, IPv4 /IPv6 dual stack, DMZ, Port forwarding
Firmware download	Huawei B612 firmware	Huawei B715s-23c firmware
Driver	Huawei B612 driver	Huawei B715s-23c driver
Reviews	Huawei B612 Review	Huawei B715s-23c Review
Price/USD	399.00USD	399.00USD

Summary

From the specs table, we can see even though the two Huawei LTE routers has the similar appearance. They are different in the specs. Huawei B715 is more advanced in the specs, it could support LTE category 9 and could achieve download speed up to 450Mbps while the Huawei B612 modem supports LTE Cat6 and achieve download speed to 300mbps. Huawei B612 has two variant models: B612s-25d and B612s-51d while Huawei B715 has only one model now. The variant models make the unlocked B612 could work in more widespread areas with more possible network providers. We suppose there will be new variant models available for the B715 router in future like Huawei B593 Router.

The Huawei B715 could support up to 64 wireless devices while Huawei B612 could support only half to 32 users simultaneously. Actually, in most cases, the support of 32 users would be enough for daily use. Since the Huawei B612 is latest 4G+ Cat6 router, the Huawei B715 price is very close to it. But we suppose the price of Huawei B612 would be down soon when there is mass supply of the unit. In our opinion, the Huawei B715 and B612 are both very good WiFi router for home and office use. Their functions are very similar and even though they support different LTE Category, in real use, you may not find the real difference in connection speeds.

Alcatel Linkhub HH40 WiFi Router Review

Since more and more 4G Mobile WiFi Hotspots are with Ethernet ports, the network equipment supplier Alcatel also presented a new 4G Mobile Hotspot with Ethernet port. The model number is Alcatel Linkhub HH40. It was available for some network providers in Europe, such as A1 Austria and re-named it as “A1 Net Cube 2”, which is following the first generation A1 Net Cube Plus B528. For carrier congstar in Germany, it got a new name as “Homespot WLAN Router“. Then what the new WLAN router could bring to us, let’s have a check the Alcatel linkhub HH40 Specifications and features.

Alcatel Linkhub HH40 Specs and Features
Manufacturer and model	Alcatel Linkhub HH40
chipset	Qualcomm MDM9207
LTE Category	Cat. 4
Download rate	150Mbit/s
Upload rate	50 Mbit/s
Supported LTE bands	800, 900, 1800, 2100, 2600 MHz
Backwards compatible with	UMTS, EDGE, GPRS
Support for LTE-Advanced	No
MIMO Support	Yes
Connection for external antenna:	Yes, two SMA connectors(Buy Alcatel LinkHub HH40 Antenna)
Telephone
With integrated telephone system:	Yes
Connection for ISDN phones:	No
Connection for analogue phones:	No
DECT:	No
integrated answering machine:	No
Network \| LAN & WLAN
LAN ports:	2x 100 Mbit LAN (RJ45)(One for LAN/WAN)
WLAN standards:	WLAN 802.11 b/g/n
5 GHz WLAN support:	No
encryption:	WEP, WPA, WPA2
WLAN hotspot function:	Yes
Others
Battery pack	No battery available
Dimension and Weight	134 x 134 x 31.5 mm / 310g
USB	unavailable
Memory card expansion	No
Release	10/1/17
Price:	169.00USD
Available at:	» www.4gltemall.com (unlocked version)
File download
Manual as PDF	Alcatel Linkhub HH40 User manual
detailed data sheet:	» Alcatel Linkhub HH40 Datasheet

Alcatel Linkhub HH40 – Fast Speed Connection but not the best

Alcatel Linkhub HH40 could support LTE category 4, which means it could achieve maximum 150 Mbit/s in the download and up to 50 Mbit/s in the upload. For most applications, this speed should be enough, but in fact, this router is even closer to the data highway in reality. Neither the LAN port nor the WLAN interface of the Alcatel Linkhub HH40 actually provides the 150 Mbit/s. However, there are many LTE-A pro mobile routers with Ethernet port, which could support peak download speed to 1Gigabit/s, such as Netgear Nighthawk M1 or Huawei E5788u-96a. So Alcatel Linkhub HH40 is just decent WiFi router for normal daily use.

Alcatel states that up to 32 users can contact the HH40 router simultaneously, but then the bandwidth would (at best) be around 3.1 Mbps. After all, an optimal reception is ensured because the network device uses the multi-antenna technology 2 × 2 MIMO. In addition, external LTE antennas can be connected via the two SMA connectors. In terms of frequency diversity, Alcatel linkhub HH40 could support all the popular LTE frequency bands in Europe, including B1, B3, B7, B8, B20. The unlocked Linkhub HH40 could work with all the network carriers in Europe without any limit.

Alcatel Linkhub HH40 – Easy to take but no battery pack

If you want to take the 4G lte broadband router with you on the road, for example, to be able to control the Internet with your laptop while on the move, you will not need much space with this Linkhub HH40 router. The three centimeters thick and the 13 centimeters dimensions ensure high mobility. And the low weight of only 310 grams makes it easy to take in bag or pocket. What Useful are the indicators for connection status and reception.

However, unlike other Alcatel 4G mobile WiFi routers, there is no battery pack with the device, the power of the Linkhub HH40 is supplied via a standard micro USB connection. Therefore, if you want to use the Linkhub on the move, you’d better to take a mobile power bank for it. It’s really a negative feature: The manufacturer has not thought of a battery.

Huawei B612 VS Huawei B618

Since more and more Huawei LTE WiFi routers are available in the market, sometimes they had the similar name which may confuse the customer. At the beginning of 2018, Huawei presented a new 4G modem router Huawei B612, following the Huawei B618 router. As you can see, the Huawei B612 and Huawei B618 router names are very similar. For those who are unfamiliar with Huawei routers, they may don’t know what the difference is between the Huawei B618 and B612 LTE router. If they want to buy one of the two routers, they may be in trouble to make the decision which one to buy. Today, we will compare the two routers specs and features so the customers may get some reference.

Huawei B612 VS B618 Appearance and Interfaces

Simply from the router name, it may not be easy to identify the two routers, but if you see them, it would be easy to recognize. The Huawei B612 4G LTE Modem is in a traditional router shape, on the front, there are indicators for Power, Mode, WiFi, LAN and Signal. On the back, there are 3 LAN ports and One port for both LAN & WAN. And there is also a telephone port with the Ethernet ports. Like other Huawei 4G wireless routers, there are two SMA-male connectors at the back of the router and the connectors are covered by a long cap. The special design of the Huawei B612 router has an angled backrest for stand stability.

Huawei B618 LTE is not in a usual router design. It’s in a shape of cube, which looks cool like home furniture. Like Huawei B612, Huawei B618 Cube is also in white color. On the front face, there are indicators for Power, Status, Lan, WiFi, Mode and Signal. The WPS button is in the middle of the indicators. On the back of Huawei B618 WiFi router, there is One USB port, one LAN port, one telephone port and One WAN/LAN port. The power button is above the USB port. And there are also two connectors are for external antennas. The connectors are TS-9, not the common SMA connectors. The SIM card slot is at the bottom of the router.

Huawei B618 VS B612 Specs and Features

The appearance of Huawei B618 and Huawei B612 are very different, then let’s have a comparison of the Huawei B618 specs and Huawei B612 specs:

Model	Huawei B612	Huawei B618
Product type	Huawei WiFi Router with Ethernet port	Huawei WiFi Router with Ethernet port
Category	LTE Cat.6	LTE Cat.9/ Cat.11
Chipset	HiSilicon LTE Cat6 Chipset	HiSilicon Balong 750
Data rates	DL 300Mbps/UL 50Mbps	DL 600Mbps/UL 100Mbps
Supported 4G LTE frequency bands	Huawei B612s-25d: B1/B3/B7/B8/B20/B38/B40/B41/B42/B43 Huawei B612s-51d: B2/B4/B5/B7/B41	Huawei B618s-22d: Band 1/3/7/8/20/38 Huawei B618s-65d: 1/3/5/7/8/28/40
WLAN	802.11 b/g/n/ac, single-band 2.4GHz	802.11a/b/g/n/ac, dual-band 2.4GHz & 5GHz
Max supported users	32 users	64 users
MIMO	4 x 4 MIMO	4 X 4 MIMO
Connector for external antenna	Two, SMA-female jacks	Two, TS-9 jacks
Buy Antenna	Huawei B612 external antenna	Huawei B618 external Antenna
App management	Huawei Hilink APP	Huawei Hilink APP
SIM Size	Micro SIM	Micro SIM
Battery	NO	NO
Dimensions	240 × 155 × 78 mm	95 × 95 × 208mm
Interfaces	* 3 x LAN port(RJ45) * 1 x LAN/WAN port (RJ45) * 1 x telephone port(RJ11) * Two external LTE antenna ports (SMA-female) * One micro-SIM card slot * 1 x USB 2.0 port	* 1 x LAN port(45) * 1 x LAN/WAN port (45) * 1 x telephone port(RJ11) * 1 x USB 2.0 port* Two external LTE antenna ports (TS-9)
Datasheet	Huawei B612 Datasheet(PDF)	Huawei B618 Datasheet
User Manual	Huawei B612 User Manual(PDF)	Huawei B618 User Manual
Other features	Firewall, CS Voice, VoIP, VoLTE, IPv6/IPv4 dual stack, NAT, DHCP, VPN, DMZ, UPnP, ALG,	DHCP Server, DNS RELAY and NAT, VoLTE, IPv4 /IPv6 dual stack
Firmware download	Huawei B612 firmware	Huawei B618 firmware
Driver	Huawei B612 driver	Huawei B618 driver
Reviews	Huawei B612 Review	Huawei B618s-22d Review
Price/USD	399.00USD	449.00USD

Summary

From the specs table, we can see the new Huawei B612 is just a 4G+ Cat6 router, the Huawei B618 LTE is with more advanced technology, which could achieve download speed up to 600mbps and upload speed to 100Mbps. The Huawei B612 could support only LTE Cat6 up to 300Mbps. They both have two variant models for difference LTE frequency bands. Huawei B618 seems to be more suitable for home use but Huawei B612s-25d supports LTE B42 and B43, which are usually for industrial applications. Huawei B618 supports up to 64 wireless users while Huawei B612 support only half to 32 users. But they both use 4 X 4 MIMO technologies. Of course, the more advanced Huawei B618 price is higher than Huawei B612 price. Considering the LTE frequency bands at your location and your network providers, and the price & interfaces, you can easily make the decision which one to buy now.

QAM

What is QAM?

Quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) is the name of a family of digital modulation methods and a related family of analog modulation methods widely used in modern telecommunications to transmit information. QAM is both an analog and a digital modulation scheme. It conveys two analog message signals, or two digital bit streams, by changing (modulating) the amplitudes of two carrier waves, using the amplitude-shift keying (ASK) digital modulation scheme or amplitude modulation (AM) analog modulation scheme. A variety of forms of QAM are available and some of the more common forms include 16QAM, 32QAM, 64QAM, 128QAM, 256QAM, 512QAM, 1024QAM, 2048QAM and 4096QAM.

Why are higher QAM levels used?

The various flavors of QAM may be used when data-rates beyond those offered by 8-PSK are required by a radio communications system. This is because QAM achieves a greater distance between adjacent points in the I-Q plane by distributing the points more evenly. And in this way, the points on the constellation are more distinct and data errors are reduced. While it is possible to transmit more bits per symbol if the energy of the constellation is to remain the same, the points on the constellation must be closer together and the transmission becomes more susceptible to noise. This results in a higher bit error rate than for the lower order QAM variants. In this way there is a balance between obtaining the higher data rates and maintaining an acceptable bit error rate for any radio communications system.

Modern wireless networks often demand and require higher capacities. For a fixed channel size, increasing QAM modulation level increases the link capacity. Note that incremental capacity gain at low-QAM levels is significant; but at high QAM, the capacity gain is much smaller. For example, increasing

From 1024QAM to 2048QAM gives a 10.83% capacity gain.
From 2048QAM to 4096QAM gives a 9.77% capacity gain.

Understanding QAM Modulation

Let’s start with the QAM modulation process at the transmitter to receiver in the wireless baseband (i.e. Physical Layer) chain. We will use the example of 64-QAM to illustrate the process. Each symbol in the QAM constellation represents a unique amplitude and phase. Hence they can be distinguished from the other points at the receiver.

As shown in the figure above, 64-QAM or any other modulation is applied on the input binary bits.
The QAM modulation converts input bits into complex symbols which represent bits by variation in amplitude/phase of the time domain waveform. Using 64QAM converts 6 bits into one symbol at transmitter.
The bits to symbols conversion take place at the transmitter while reverse (i.e. symbols to bits) take place at the receiver. At receiver, one symbol gives 6 bits as output of demapper.
Figure depicts position of QAM mapper and QAM demapper in the baseband transmitter and receiver respectively. The demapping is done after front end synchronization i.e. after channel and other impairments are corrected from the received impaired baseband symbols.
Data mapping or modulation process is done before the RF upconversion (U/C) in the transmitter and PA. Due to this, higher order modulation necessitates use of highly linear PA (Power Amplifier) at the transmit end.

QAM Mapping Process

In 64-QAM, the number 64 refers to 2^6.

Here 6 represents number of bits/symbol which is 6 in 64-QAM.

Similarly, it can be applied to other modulation types such as 512-QAM, 1024-QAM, 2048-QAM and 4096-QAM as described below.

Following table mentions 64-QAM encoding rule. Check the encoding rule in the respective wireless standard. KMOD value for 64-QAM is 1/SQRT(42).

Input bits (b5, b4, b3)	I-Out	Input bits (b2, b1, b0)	Q-Out
011	7	011	7
010	5	010	5
000	3	000	3
001	1	001	1
101	-1	101	-1
100	-3	100	-3
110	-5	110	-5
111	-7	111	-7

QAM mapper Input parameters: Binary Bits
QAM mapper Output parameters: Complex data (I, Q)

The 64-QAM mapper takes binary input and generates complex data symbols as output. It uses above mentioned encoding table to do the conversion process. Before the coversion process, data is grouped into 6 bits pair. Here, (b5, b4, b3) determines the I value and (b2, b1, b0) determines the Q value.

Example: Binary Input: (b5, b4, b3, b2, b1, b0) = (011011)

Complex Output: (1/SQRT(42))* (7+j*7)

512-QAM modulation

The above figure shows 512-QAM constellation diagram. Note that 16 points do not exist in each of the four quadrants to make total 512 points with 128 points in each quadrant in this modulation type. It is possible to have 9 bits per symbol in 512-QAM also. 512QAM increases capacity by 50% compares to 64-QAM modulation type.

1024-QAM modulation

The figure shows a 1024-QAM constellation diagram.

Number of bits per symbol: 10
Symbol rate: 1/10 of bit rate
Increase in capacity compare to 64-QAM: About 66.66%

2048-QAM modulation

Following are the characteristics of 2048-QAM modulation.

Number of bits per symbol: 11
Symbol rate: 1/11 of bit rate
Increase in capacity from 64-QAM to 1024QAM: 83.33% gain
Increase in capacity from 1024QAM to 2048QAM: 10.83% gain
Total constellation points in one quadrant: 512

4096-QAM modulation

Following are the characteristics of 4096-QAM modulation.

Number of bits per symbol: 12
Symbol rate: 1/12 of bit rate
Increase in capacity from 64-QAM to 409QAM: 100% gain
Increase in capacity from 2048QAM to 4096QAM 9.77% gain
Total constellation points in one quadrant: 1024

Advantages of QAM over other modulation types

Following are the advantages of QAM modulation:

Helps achieve high data rate as more number of bits are carried by one carrier. Due to this it has become popular in modern wireless communication system such as LTE, LTE-Advanced etc. It is also used in latest WLAN technologies such as 802.11n 802.11 ac, 802.11 ad and others.

Disadvantages of QAM over other modulation types

Following are the disadvantages of QAM modulation:
Though data rate has been increased by mapping more than 1 bits on a single carrier, it requires high SNR in order to decode the bits at the receiver.
Needs high linearity PA (Power Amplifier) in the Transmitter.
In addition to high SNR, higher modulation techniques need very robust front-end algorithms (time, frequency and channel) to decode the symbols without errors.

Samsung SFG-D0100 5G Home Router Pass through FCC Approval

The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) of the United States has recently completed compatibility testing of the first 5G router, which will be used by customers using the wireless Internet connection. The Samsung router with the designation SFG-D0100 will be available in the offer of the American operator Verizon. This equipment works in the 5G mmWave 28 GHz millimeter. The 5G terminal “SFG-D0100” made by Samsung Electronics (Samsung Electronics) passed the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) on April 30, 2018. FCC ID is A3LSFG-D0100.

The frequency of the mobile network is certified at 27.50 to 28.35 GHz. Radio waves from the 28 GHz millimeter range have the same strong propagation suppression. This means that the range of the base station is small. However, engineers working on 5G solved this problem using beamforming technologies. This means that both the base station and the client’s device can form, by means of the antenna system, a directional antenna radiation pattern aimed at the direction chosen by the system. The Samsung 5G router uses for this purpose 2 antenna systems, of which each of them consists of 32 small antennas. Each system radiates on a different polarity, so data transmission takes place in 2 × 2 MIMO mode. On the other hand, the very high frequency allows us to occupy the 800 MHz wide channel (here we aggregate 8 blocks of 100 MHz each). Samsung SFG-D0100 is the model number of the unreleased terminal.

It is customer premises Equipment (customer premises equipment: hereinafter referred to as CPE) for indoor use. It corresponds to the millimeter wave (mm Wave) of the 28 GHz band which is considered as the leading candidate frequency band of the fifth generation mobile communication system (5G) from the frequency certified by FCC.

In the United States, Verizon Wireless plans to commercialize 5G for Fixed Wireless Access (FWA) in 2018, and Samsung Electronics has decided to deliver communication equipment to Verizon Wireless in 2018.

The SFG-D0100 is likely to be a 5G indoor CPE provided by Verizon Wireless’ 5G. In FCC, labels and terminal diagrams are released. From the label we know to manufacture in South Korea (South Korea), China, Vietnam factory.

5G Frequency Bands Allocation Globally

5G Spectrum Allocation Globally
Country	Low Frequency Band	High Frequency Band
Finland	3.4 – 3.8 GHz	26.5 – 27.5 GHz
France	3.46 – 3.8 GHz	26 GHz
Germany	3.4 – 3.8 GHz	26 – 27.5 GHz
Ireland	3.4 – 3.8 GHz	26 GHz
Italy	3.6 – 3.8 GHz	26.5 – 27.5 GHz
Russia	3.4 – 3.8 GHz	26 GHz
Spain	3.4 – 3.8 GHz	26.5 – 27.5 GHz
United Kingdom	3.4 – 3.6 GHz, 3.6 to 3.8 GHz (in 2019)	26.5 – 27.5 GHz
USA	600 MHz (2 x 35 MHz)	27.5 – 28.35 GHz
	3100 – 3550 MHz	37 – 40 GHz
	3700 – 4200 MHz
Japan	3600 – 4200 MHz	27.5 – 28.28 GHz
Japan	4400 – 4900 MHz
China	3300 – 3600 MHz	24.25 – 27.5 GHz
China	4400 – 4500 MHz	37 – 43.5 GHz
Korea	–	26.5 – 29.5 GHz
Canada	600 MHz (2 x 35 MHz)	27.5 – 28.35 GHz
	64 – 71 GHz	37 – 37.6 GHz
		37.6 – 40 GHz
Australia	3.4 – 3.7 GHz	24.5 – 27.5 GHz
Australia		39 GHz

Huawei 5G Router

More and more countries are starting the 5G trial since 2018, even though 5G commercial networks have not yet been launched, many people are keen to know the latest new 5G routers and some network carriers want to get 5G routers for network test purpose. Huawei, as the 5G standard maker and the top network equipment vendor for worldwide network providers and end-users, is, of course, dominating the 5G trend. Based on the success on 4G Router, Huawei 5G router is also attracting many potential users.

Huawei had presented the world’s first 5G chipset to the public since the beginning of 2018 at MWC and based on this 5G platform, Huawei released two new 5G CPEs: Huawei 5G CPE mmWave and 5G CPE sub6GHz. Just like the Huawei 4G Routers, the two Huawei 5G Routers also support difference 5G frequency bands. Actually, Huawei also released a new Huawei 5G Router named Huawei B818 on official site. Here now we can’t tell which one is the best 5G router because the details specifications about the three Huawei 5G routers are very limited. We list the general specs of the three Huawei 5G routers as below.

Huawei B818 5G Router

* LTE Category 19 CPE

* Chipset: Hisilicon Balong 765

* LTE Download Speed to 2Gbit/s

* Supports all sub-6 GHz

* 8 x 8 MIMO

Check more details about Huawei B818 Router 5G: https://www.4gltemall.com/huawei-b818-lte-cat19-gigabit-cpe.html

Huawei 5G Router mmWave

* World’s first 3GPP Commercial CPE

* Chipset: Huawei Balong 5G01

* Peak rate 2Gbps

* Supports mmWave multi-frequency

* 4G/5G dual connectivity

* Supports Power Over Ethernet(POE)

Check more details about Huawei 5G Router mmWave: https://www.4gltemall.com/huawei-5g-cpe-mmwave.html

Huawei 5G Router sub6GHz

* World’s first 3GPP Commercial CPE

* Peak rate 2Gbps

* Supports Sub6GHz multi-frequency

* 4G/5G Dual connectivity

Check more details about Huawei Router 5G sub6GHz: https://www.4gltemall.com/huawei-5g-cpe-sub6ghz.html

We suppose there will be more Huawei 5G routers available as time goes and we will keep updating the list for your reference about the latest 5G routers and 5G development news.

Huawei 4G+ Cat6 Routers

As the top network equipment supplier from China, Huawei had presented many Cat6 routers to the market for worldwide network providers. The Huawei Cat6 routers include stationary WiFi router and 4G+ Cat6 MiFi. The stationary WiFi routers usually have Ethernet ports to connect PC for desktop use and SIM card slot so as to connect with WAN networks. They usually don’t have a built-in or exchangeable battery and get power supply from the adapter. The 4G+ Cat6 MiFi are usually in small size which could be easily put in pocket or handbag for outdoor use. They usually have a built-in battery or removable battery like the smartphone, and the battery usually could be rechargeable. Then what is cat6 router?

What is Cat6 router?

Cat6 router is a kind of wireless terminals with LTE advanced standard, bringing higher speeds and more capacity to LTE networks around the world. As the typical Cat6 feature, multiple LTE carriers can be combined to achieve greater total bandwidth in a process called carrier aggregation (CA). Carrier aggregation plays a fundamental role in particular when the mobile device operates in a congested network and therefore the available band is shared among many devices. With CA, the 4G+ Cat6 router could reach a maximum speed of 300Mbps. The Cat6 router LTE with this technology could help user to achieve faster speed and better surfing experience.

We list the Huawei 4G+ Cat6 Router and Huawei 4G+ Cat6 MiFi with their specs and features. From the comparison, you may find the best Cat6 Router.

Huawei 4G+ Cat6 Router list for Desktop use:

Model	Huawei B612	Huawei B525	Huawei E5186
Product type	Huawei WiFiRouter with Ethernet port	Huawei WiFi Router with Ethernet port	LTE WiFi Router
Category	LTE Cat6 Router	LTE Cat6 router	LTE Cat6 Router
Chipset	HiSilicon LTE Cat6 Chipset	HiSilicon LTE Cat6 Chipset	HiSilicon LTE Cat6 Chipset
Data rates	DL 300Mbps/UL 50Mbps	DL 300Mbps/UL 50Mbps	DL 300Mbps/UL 50Mbps
Supported 4G LTE frequency bands	Huawei B612s-25d: B1/B3/B7/B8/B20/B38/B40/B41/B42/B43 Huawei B612s-51d: B2/B4/B5/B7/B41	Huawei B525s-23a: Band 1/3/7/8/20/32/38 Huawei B525s-65a: Band 1/3/4/5/7/8/20/19/26/28/32/38/40/41	Huawei E5186s-22a: Band 1/3/7/8/20/38 Huawei E5186s-61a: Band 3/7/28/40
WLAN	802.11 b/g/n/ac, single-band 2.4GHz	802.11a/b/g/n/ac, dual-band 2.4GHz & 5GHz	802.11a/b/g/n/ac, dual-band 2.4GHz & 5GHz
Max supported users	32 users	64 users	64 users
MIMO	4 x 4 MIMO	2 x 2 MIMO	2 x 2 MIMO
Connector for external antenna	Two, SMA-female jacks	Two, SMA-female jacks	Two, SMA-female jacks
Buy Antenna	Huawei B612 external antenna	Huawei B525 external antenna	Huawei E5186 external antenna
App management	Huawei Hilink APP	Huawei Hilink APP	Huawei Hilink APP
SIM Size	Micro SIM	Micro SIM	Micro SIM
Battery	NO	NO	NO
Dimensions	240 × 155 × 78 mm	163 x 52 x 226 mm	190 mm × 200 mm × 32 mm
Interfaces	* 3 x LAN port(RJ45) * 1 x LAN/WAN port (RJ45) * 1 x telephone port(RJ11) * Two external LTE antenna ports (SMA-female) * One micro-SIM card slot * 1 x USB 2.0 port	* 3 x LAN port(45) * 1 x LAN/WAN port (45) * 1 x telephone port(RJ11) * Two external LTE antenna ports(SMA-female) * One micro-SIM card slot * 1 x USB 2.0 port	* 3 x LAN port(45) * 1 x LAN/WAN port (45) * 2 x telephone port(RJ11) * Two external LTE antenna ports (SMA-J1.5) * One micro-SIM card slot * 1 x USB 2.0 port
Datasheet	Huawei B612 Datasheet(PDF)	Huawei B525 Datasheet(PDF)	Huawei E5186 Datasheet(PDF)
User Manual	Huawei B612 User Manual(PDF)	Huawei B525 User Manual(PDF)	Huawei E5186 User Manual(PDF)
Other features	Firewall, CS Voice, VoIP, VoLTE, IPv6/IPv4 dual stack, NAT, DHCP, VPN, DMZ, UPnP, ALG,	Firewall, CS Voice, VoIP, TR069 Remote Management, HTTP Online Upgrade, QoS, USB Share, UPnP, IPV6, DLNA, Fax, Print, VPN	Firewall, CS Voice, VoIP, TR069 Remote Management, HTTP Online Upgrade, QoS, USB Share, UPnP, IPV6, DLNA, Fax, Print, VPN
Firmware download	Huawei B612 firmware	Huawei B525 firmware	Huawei E5186 firmware
Driver	Huawei B612 driver	Huawei B525 driver	Huawei E5186 driver
Reviews	Huawei B612 Review	Huawei B525 Review	Huawei E5186 Review
Price/USD	399.00USD	259.00USD	259.00USD

Huawei also present the Cat6 WiFi router in the shape of Cube, they look cool in design like fashion furniture:

Model	Huawei B529s-23a	Huawei B528s-23a
Product type	LTE WiFi Cube	LTE WiFi Cube
Category	LTE Cat.6 WiFi Router	LTE Cat.6 WiFi Router
Chipset	HiSilicon LTE Cat6 Chipset	HiSilicon Balong 722
Data rates	DL 300Mbps/UL 50Mbps	DL 300Mbps/UL 50Mbps
Supported 4G LTE frequency bands	Band 1/3/7/8/20/32/38	LTE B1, B3, B7, B8, B20, B32, B38
WLAN	802.11a/b/g/n/ac, dual-band 2.4GHz & 5GHz	802.11a/b/g/n/ac, dual-band 2.4GHz & 5GHz
Max supported users	64 users	64 users
MIMO	2 x 2 MIMO	2 x 2 MIMO
Connector for external antenna	Two, TS-9 jacks	Two, TS-9 jacks
Buy Antenna	Huawei B529 External antenna	Huawei B528 External Antenna
App management	Huawei Hilink APP	Huawei Hilink APP
SIM Size	Micro SIM	Micro SIM
Battery	Yes, non-removable 3000mAh battery	NO
Dimensions	120 x 120 x 125mm	105 mm x 90mm x 181 mm
Interfaces	* 1 x power adapter port * 1 x LAN port(45) * Two external LTE antenna ports (TS-9) * One micro-SIM card slot	* 1 x Gigabit LAN (RJ45) * 1 x RJ11 (VoIP)
Datasheet	Huawei B529 Datasheet	Huawei B528 Datasheet
User Manual	Huawei B529 Manual	Huawei B528 Manual
Other features	DHCP Server, DNS RELAY and NAT	IPv4 /IPv6 dual stack
Firmware download	Huawei B529s-23a firmware	Huawei B528 firmware
Driver	Huawei B529s-23a driver	Huawei B528 Driver
Reviews	Huawei B529 Review	Huawei B528s-23a Review
Price/USD	299.00	399.00

Huawei 4G+ Cat6 MiFi list:

Model	Huawei E5885Ls-93a	Huawei E5787	Huawei E5786
Product type	LTE Mobile Hotspot with Ethernet port	LTE Mobile Hotspot	LTE Mobile Hotspot
Category	4G+ Cat.6 MiFi	4G+ Cat.6 MiFi	4G+ Cat.6 MiFi
Chipset	Hisilicon LTE Cat6 chipset	HiSilicon LTE Cat6 Chipset (Cortex A9 Processor)	HiSilicon LTE Cat6 Chipset
Data rates	DL 300Mbps/UL 50Mbps	DL 300Mbps/UL 50Mbps	DL 300Mbps/UL 50Mbps
Supported 4G LTE frequency bands	* FDD-LTE Band 1/2/3/4/5/7/8/19/20/28 * TDD-LTE: Band 38/40/41/42	* Huawei E5787s-33a: Band 1/3/5/7/8/20 * Huawei E5787Ph-67a: Band 1/3/5/7/8/28	* Huawei E5786s-32a: Band 1/3/5/7/8/20/38 * Huawei E5786s-62a: Band 1/3/8/28 * Huawei E5786s-63a Band 1/3/7/8/28/40
WLAN	802.11a/b/g/n/ac, dual-band 2.4GHz & 5GHz	802.11a/b/g/n/ac, dual-band 2.4GHz & 5GHz	802.11a/b/g/n/ac, dual-band 2.4GHz & 5GHz
Max support users	32 users	10 users	10 users
MIMO	2 X 2 MIMO	2 X 2 MIMO	2 X 2 MIMO
Connector for external antenna	No connector	Two, TS-9 jacks	Two, TS-9 jacks
Buy Antenna	N/A	Huawei E5787 external Antenna	Huawei E5786 external Antenna
App management	Huawei Hilink APP 3.0	Huawei Hilink APP	Huawei Hilink APP
SIM type	Micro SIM	Micro SIM	Micro SIM
Battery	Non-removable, 6400mAh	Removable, 3000mAh	3000mAh
Dimensions	112.00 x 69.20 x 23.00mm	109.00 x 58.00 x 7.50mm	106 x 66 x 15.90mm
Ethernet Port	On port for WAN/LAN port(RJ-45)	No	No
Datasheet download	Huawei E5885 Datasheet	Huawei E5787 Datasheet	Huawei E5786 Datasheet
User Manual	Huawei E5885 Manual	Huawei E5787 Manual	Huawei E5786 Manual
Other features	Power bank, CA, NFC	2 band CA	2 band CA
Firmware download	Huawei E5885 Firmware	Huawei E5787 Firmware	Huawei E5786 Firmware
Drivers	Huawei E5885 driver	Huawei E5787 drivers	Huawei E5786 drivers
Reviews	Huawei E5885 Review	Huawei E5787 Review	Huawei E5786 Review
Price	279.00USD	269.00USD	179.00USD

Month: July 2018