Category: 4G Technology

A Brief History of LTE

The short history of LTE shows only five years it took from the start until the introduction. This follows the mobile a trend that can be observed in new technologies: What is now on the market, may have a million customers in near future.

 

Digital Mobile Radio: from GSM to LTE

 

The first phone last 28 years to crack 10 million mark of users. The cable television made it in 25 years to get the phone in 9 years, the wireless data transmission in 6 years, from zero to ten million customers. Faster new technologies are accepted by the mass market.

 

The new LTE technologies were developed as fast as any other telecommunications technology. For comparison: In 1982, the development of GSM by “Groupie Special Mobile”. It was launched by the European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations. In 1991, the first GSM network in Finland went on the air. In 1992, GSM set internationally by the market. In 1987, the UMTS Basic Research, 1992, the frequencies stipulated for 2001 launched the first commercial UMTS network, followed by the Standards for the additional technology to quickly send HSDPA(2002) and HSUPA (2005).

 

The UMTS technology was initially developed hesitant, we had already a digital mobile radio standard and the number of applications for faster wireless data transfer was still very manageable. Later, the networks were constructed reluctant, partly because they had to pay high license fees and the lack of money for investment, partly because the applications bring quick profits, were not in sight.

 

In LTE, it goes very fast

 

LTE everything goes much faster. For those applications that need more and more data faster by radio are finally been on UMTS market.

 

LTE is considered the birth of 2004, when in Toronto, held a workshop on wireless networks and LTE. About forty mobile operators were represented, to research institutes and universities. As a result, created a study on how to rapidly develop and build a fast data network, has short response times and nearly bring the performance of a wired network.

 

In June 2007, the standard for new mobile technology is being committed. In 2008, Ericsson unveils the Mobile World Congress in Barcelona, the first time establishes a connection between two compact LTE terminals, there will be a transfer rate of 25 mbps per second achieved.  End of 2008, the Korean company LG to introduce the first-install LTE chip, it could reach peak speed at 60Mbps.

 

Finally, in December 2009, the first commercial LTE network in Sweden is put into operation, in late summer and fall of 2010 in Germany, the first LTE phone masts ready.

LTE: The Fastest Developed Technology

 

For the Global Supplier Association, a global trade association for the mobile industry, LTE is now “ the most rapidly developing technology in the history of telecommunications.”

 

Meanwhile, large-scale commercial LTE networks available in many countries and areas.

Digital Dividend

The switchover to digital terrestrial television wide frequency ranges were free, the so-called digital dividend.

 

Only ten per cent of the original required frequencies are now claimed by the television. The rest can now be used for other functional areas such as mobile communications. The frequency bands 790-862 MHz was auctioned in May 2010 by the Federal Network Agency to reach the rural area with high speed internet. Since the development of the wired broadband in many sparsely populated areas unprofitable for network operators, the frequencies are now used as the digital dividend as so to reach all citizens.

 

Greater Range of 800 MHz Bands

 

The Federal government has to set up a broadband initiative, to every Germany citizen to enable broadband access to the Internet. Only when the rural areas are supplied in this manner, may the expansion of LTE in major cities and metropolitan areas begin.

 

The digital dividend frequencies are extremely popular with the network operators. Transmitters in the frequency range to 800 MHz have a longer range than the sender, for example, 2600 Mhz range. According to experts, an LTE radio cell operating at 800 MHz has an average diameter of six kilometers, an LTE radio cell with 2600 MHz average diameter 600 meters. This is due to the physical propagation characteristics of radio waves.

 

The Expansion can Begin

 

The Federal Network Agency auctioned in May 2010, the digital dividend spectrum. The three major German network operators German Telekom, Vodafone and Telefonica O2 were able to bid on two blocks. End of August 2010 until the blocks assigned to concrete. In the spectrum auction in May, the operators had only offered on capacities.

 

Only a concrete black was auctioned. The first black, which lies in close proximity to TV channels, was acquired by Telefonica O2. Now the company is the nearest black was released. Telekom and Vodafone both received two blacks assigned by lottery.

 

Now that all of auctioned spectrum blacks are assigned to fast broadband is also on the land now in the hands of the company. Network operators can now have a more focused network planning and expand their networks quickly and on, “said Matthias Kurth, President of the Federal Network Agency over the Internet magazine.

 

Fast Mobile Internet In Europe

 

The exploitation of the digital dividend is not only a concern of the Federal Government. The European Union sees this as an important step towards the universal coverage of broadband internet. Not only access for all Europeans to fast, mobile Internet will be achieved through the coordinated use of the digital dividend. In this way, even a single European market will be created. Currently, the European market is still fragmented and crisscrossed by borders. If it is possible to synchronize the wireless networks, EU citizens in coming year’s cross-border access mobile media content and mobile services.

 

Broadband – A European Issue

Fast broadband is digital oxygen, essential for Europe’s prosperity, said Neelie Kroes, European Commissioner for Digital Agenda.

 

It’s already published in a paper by the European Commission. The strategy “Europe 2020 for smart, suitable and inclusive growth” states that broadband infrastructure for growth and jobs in Europe are essential. The digital dividend could be estimated that the European economic are gain an additional market value of 63 to 165 billion Euros.

 

Following the economic and financial crisis, the EU sees the expansion of fast Internet connection is one of the growth areas that will be important for the economic recovery of Europe. The cross-linking of the 27 EU member states has proved itself in the financial crisis. It also shows that no nation-state in Europe deal with problems and challenges alone.

 

Outwardly, the EU is more and more with one device. With the Treaty of Lisbon 2009, there is a European foreign minister who represents the interests of the EU in the world. With this strong external effect to the will of the EU must e accompanied by improved internal coordination.

 

Europe is to Fragmented

 

The temptation to lapse after the crisis in economic nationalism wants to counter the EU to the European growth on its feet by world. But a strong internal market is necessary. It exists at the moments, although legally, but EU companies and workers often reach practical limits it comes to act across national boundaries. While you have to struggle with a fragmented market in Europe, they can be competitors from the USA, and china, which rely on their large domestic markets.

 

The strategy paper of the European commission stresses the willingness of the EU to express to create an open service market. Through the implementation of the EU Services Guidelines, trade in private service could increase by 45% while direct investment increased by 25%, thus leading to a rise in GDP of between 0.5% and 1.5%. It is the strategy “Europe 2020”.

 

 

Smart Growth Thanks to Broadband Technology

 

The three pillars, which should be on the recovery of the European Economic Area, smart, sustainable and inclusive growth, include goals such as climate change and employment. Smart growth is also part of the digital society, which target the EU: initiative” A digital Agenda for Europe”.

 

The above-described internal market should be supported among others by the strong digital networking. For this purpose, the 800 MHz frequency band to be used in all EU countries for the development of mobile broadband connections. By 2013, all Europeans have access to broadband Internet. By 2020, every EU citizen can surf with at least 30Mbit/s. Half of Europeans should be able to go at this time of up to 100Mbit/s online.

 

To avoid interference, it is the will of the EU, the member states in the development closely. The Only way to ensure is that you can surf in Europe limitless. This is an important requirement for online services, which are offered as part of a single European market. To get closer to this goal, the EU aims to create improved conditions. These include the promotion of multi-territorial licenses, adequate protection and fair compensation for rights holders and active support for the digitization of Europe-s rich cultural heritage, as well as refinement of the global governance of the Internet — the strategy “Europe 2020”. Specially, the European investment Bank (EIB) increase loans, which it presents annually for the development of broadband available. Currently, there are two billion euros annually.

LTE Frequency 2600MHz—Large Amounts of Data for Large Cities

The 2600 Mhz frequency range has a much shorter range, It is suitable especially for LTE development in cities and urban areas where the base stations due to high demand must already be much closer than in the country side. However, it is the one frequency range in which the large channel width of 20 Mhz is available, allowing for faster data transfer then with a channel width of 10 Mhz. According to experts, an LTE radio cell with 2600 MHz average 600 meters in diameter, but if a cell which works on 800 Mhz, the average range is six kilometers.

 

According to a study of the mobile equipment supplier Alcatel Lucent, the LTE spectrum 2600Mhz is also the most likely candidate for a broad international distribution, then the unlocked LTE devices at this wavelength could used commonly with other mobile operators under LTE networks after unlocked.

 

The range of 2600 Mhz was already taken in European countries Norway, Finland and Sweden for LTE, in Belgium, the frequencies should be released soon.

 

The Global Mobile Suppliers Association, an association of interests in the mobile industry sees this area as a key frequency for Europe and Asia. According to information from the association, frequencies were auctioned in Hong Kong for an LTE expansion, which were still at the auction in Malaysia. The Kuwaiti mobile operator wants to build in the Saudi capital Riyadh in 2600MHz as LTE Mobile network. The telecommunications authorities in Chile and Brazil want to auction frequencies in this range for LTE networks.

4G LTE Router

An LTE Router is technically a wireless modem, so a small transmitting and receiving station, which is designed for the LTE wireless data technology.

Unlike the USB Stick, which can only have one device connected to the high speed data radio network, the router uses several computers simultaneously. LTE Router is in two versions, most of them use it as a stationary device, which allows you to build a home or office WiFi network, there are also mobile devices that provides the same services when travelling.

In some places over the world, the LTE network is first built in areas where there is no high speed internet at speeds exceeding one megabit per second. LTE is thus used only once as a steady replacement for fast internet access and in the second step as fast mobile technology. Therefore LTE router was firstly users as LTE modems as typical stationary applications.

LTE Router Telekom – Germany Forward World

It is therefore not too surprising that Telekom was able to present their LTE Router to public as the world’s first mobile operator. At theoretical maximum speeds creates the telecom router 50 megabits per second, when download data at 10mbps when sending (uploading). The PC or laptop to wireless via WLAN (standard 802.11b/g) or wired (standard: IEEE 802.3/802.3u) can be connected. The router is sold by Telecom under the name Speedport LTE, there are for the LTE Speedport B390 from the Chinese manufacturer HUAWEI.

At the Munich mobile operator Telefonica(O2), however, is a unit of Germany production in the sample phase, a Fritz Box by AVM Berlin. The LTE modem with a theoretical top speed of 100megabits per second and receive data at up to 50Mbit/s transmit data. LTE fritz box transmits in two frequency bands: 800Mhz and 2600MHz band. So the frequencies are provided in Germany to LTE.

 

Routers work their way up

Except for the special case of Germany, LTE is built around the world from the beginning as a fast mobile Internet access. Therefore, mobile radio modems as the stick in the other countries are the first choice. Routers, which are mostly used in a stationary come, much later on the market.

 

What should be considered when buying LTE ROUTERS?

A router is used for multiple computers at the same time to be given an access to the internet. Regarding the wireless data rate, the more subscribers logged, i.e. a transmission tower and the more participants at a base station, the slower the data transmission. These fluctuating velocity, which never reached the heights that are announced in the mobile advertising, the user of a router must then share with each other again. The more devices via the router is active, the slower the speed of each computer.

Those who want to obtain high speeds with LTE will take a USB Stick per unit, and then of course, a monthly fee occurs per device. Who wants to pay for the whole family or shared only a monthly subscription, can take a router, then of course move slowly, if at the same time invite the children on their computer music from the net.

A second criterion for the selection of the router is the question of whether it will be used stationary or mobile. If it is used stationary, it is enough perhaps, if he is only capable of wireless data LTE technology. But when on the move, it should absolutely dominate the other popular wireless technologies in Germany, data from the GSM network and UMTS network, IE GPRS, EDGE and HSPA on board.

If the LTE connection be reasonably equivalent DSL replacement, your router can be used as a telephone at the same time.

 

It would be useful for a router also with an external antenna connector, which can be used in peripheral locations of masts improve the weak radio signal. This then ensures a faster transfer. Such antennas are in the consumer Internet, sometimes in the shop of the LTE party.

 

LTE Netbooks Guides

An LTE netbook is a small, portable computer with a built-in wireless modem that can send and receive with the LTE technology.

Networks usually have a screen with a screen size less than twelve inches, and the keyboard is much smaller. They are designed as a device with which it mainly goes mobile to the Internet. For other functions, such as writing or creating graphics are much less suitable.

Currently there are three LTE netbooks, which have already been presented to the public. All three are not on the market. The first netbook has been released for the LTE network of U.S. LTE operator Verizon Wireless.

 

The LTE Modems

The built-in LTE Modem into the netbook is a small wireless transmitter that is located inside the computer, and not visible from the outside. While sticks, routers an modems are connected in card form from the outside through a slot to the device, they are hidden under the hood here. The advantage of slots, such as the USB ports free for the other functions such as USB memory sticks.

These LTE modems to be installed in portable computers offer the chipmaker to already. They will be installed by netbook manufacturers buy only in more devices, if a sufficiently large market for such LTE netbooks has formed. First choice as a modem first LTE surf sticks will be, with which existing mobile computers for the new wireless data technology to be retrofitted.

 

Three Netbooks in the race

 

There are currently three LTE netbooks, which were presented to the publice. All three have been upgraded on the basis of existing models with an LTE radio modem. It is already clear that this will be the path of development, based on the most mobile LTE computer company, a successful model is upgraded with the new technology and is possibly still in the area for camera or hard disk.

South Korea’s Samsung showed the first LTE netbook at the beginning of 2010, the Samsung N150 LTE. It has been long on the market and according to experts, it’s a netbook with many others features such as LTE-enabled version with built-in wireless modem.

The first LTE netbook you will probably be able to buy is in the USA, since the Apple New iPad released, many PC manufacturers follow the trend, but there are many factors under worry. First, the 4G LTE band compatibility is big problem, because in different areas, the deployed 4G LTE spectrums are completely different, so there will be many brand models for even a single netbook. If one manufacturer want to produce on model to compatible with all the 4g LTE networks, it’s obvious unpractical. With higher price, the customer may not give a shit. Second, the power supply is a big headache in 3G netbook. The operation system Android and IOS both consumes power in large volumes; the battery with the device is not enough. When running on 4G, netbooks need more power, then it’s also a problem for manufacturers.

But with mobile power bank, the netbook could find a acceptable solution for power. HUAWEI E5756 is a device with power bank and WiFi router functions 2 in 1. It’s a good solution during this time, but it support HSPA+ 42Mbps download speed ,which seems for 3G Advanced network, not 4G.

 

How Can We Benefit from 4G LTE Network?

Firstly, LTE provides average download (30 Megabits) and peak (100 Megabits) speeds, which are much higher than the current ones. Also, a substantial increase in the speed of ascent (50 Megabits), so important especially for customers of the business segments, and for all information related to the use of cloud computing.

And let us not forget that it also means lower latencies (35 m/sec) network, which is essential for new services (network games, enterprise applications…)

Frequency bands
It is important to know about which bands will be operated. The first, 2600 Mhz is intended for coverage in areas of high population density, it has less penetration indoors, but acquired bandwidth will provide maximum speeds (surpassing the 100 Mbps of download).

The second acquired band is located on 800 Mhz, frequency that will allow much better penetration indoors and cover larger surfaces, so it will probably go to coverage in rural areas. The size of the band acquired will allow a maximum speed offered by less than 50 Mbps service. The availability to radiate this band probably has to wait until 2015.

The first LTE device on the market
To access services over LTE, operator had selected the modem Huawei E589 (also named HUAWEI E589u-12), which is also compatible with the current network 3G.

 

New services and applications of 4G LTE

1. The explosion of ‘the cloud’
Cloud storage: for work or make back-ups at the same speed as if it were on your local disk. Documents, videos, music… shared or for personal use, with the information always accessible from anywhere and type of connection.

Applications in the cloud: high speed and low latency of the LTE connections make reality the concept of working in the cloud, allowing working with applications resident in the ‘cloud’ as if they were on your own computer.
2. HD videoconferencing
Real-time chat via video conference with the highest quality, without delays and latencies. It is necessary to have the appropriate devices: HD cameras and the application, , to start enjoying it on the LTE connection.
In addition to the enormous contribution of this type of services for private clients by putting them in a communication and closeness with family and friends, these services are important facilitators for professional offering speed and economy on the needs of coordination at a distance, by incorporating a quality and naturalness that almost replaces the “face-to-face” meetings.
3 eHealth
Services as “Side by Side” Telephone based on the LTE network, allow the patient to stay in quiet surroundings and without offsets, while kept in communication and being cared for by specialists.

 

The LTE connection allowed, in real time, numerous diagnostic or control tests made in his house and instantly send information about their State of health at the Medical Center for its monitoring: high quality images in real time, result control of sugar or stress tests, talk to a doctor with video conferencing high definition, etc.

4 e-Gamming
It is no longer needed at home game or the game console. The high speed offered by LTE along with low latency makes this technology very attractive to enjoy the online games. It binds to the new dynamics of game servers in network, free to customers of the need to have video consoles and games, entering mode subscription to these services in the cloud.

5. Services in high definition TV and 3D Videos

In the LTE environment, TV and video services reaches its greatest exponent. The powerful low latencies and bandwidth allow video club services, video streaming and high-definition and 3D TV broadcasting develop their potential to the maximum.

6 Immersive Communications
This category refers to completely virtual Telephone services. Solutions that facilitating labor mobility, management of meetings among multi-country teams, with a realism that contributes to the good results and good relations between persons of the team. This solution, completely virtual, allows you to delegate the management of the application in order to work with it from any computer in the network: laptop, tablet, from any place where a high performance network, such as the LTE network is available.

 

 

We hope that all these details serve for you to hereafter, when the term 4G or LTE will begin to be extensively mentioned, have a much clearer vision of this new step in mobile communications.

 

4G LTE Modules

Laptops cam also go without a USB Surf stick or wireless modem online and even with the new data standard Long Term Evolution(LTE).

 

Thanks to the integrated modules that are built into the notebook, this is possible. For LTE, there are only a few such PC cards. Novatel wireless and Sierra Wireless have some modules in the portfolio, provide both LTE and HSPA. Thus, laptops can use this internal modem to connect to the Internet even when no LTE network is available.

 

Novatle Modules

 

With built LTE module, a notebook without connecting external hardware to bring high speed wireless Internet. The number of such internal modem is very manageable. Two main manufacturers have several models on offer: Novatel Wireless and Sierra Wireless.

 

Novatel Wireless has three modules on offer, which are not suitable for the European LTE market as it sparks in the 700MHz band. The modules Expedite E351 and E362 can also send in addition to LTE and CDMA networks receive. The E362 and E371 also still in UMTS networks. The chipsets installed in the modules from Novatel is from Qualcomm.

 

The offer from Sierra Wireless

 

The manufacturer Sierra Wireless also uses chipsets from Qualcomm, to make the house, internal modules for LTE fit. Sierra Offers like Novatel Three internal modems. The Air Prime MC7700 and MC7750 can both receive LTE signals at a frequency of 700Mhz. If no LTE is available, they will switch to CDMA and GSM standards.

 

The MC7710 is designed for the European market, because instead of receiving the uncustomary 700MHz in Europe, the MC7710 in the LTE frequency bands at 800, 900, 1800, 2100 and 2600Mhz. The Sierra Wireless Modules are as specified by the manufacturer up to 100 megabits per second downstream and can make up to 50 megabits per second upload.

 

Advisor: LTE Laptop Datacards

An LTE Laptop card is a radio modem, which is a small transmitter and receiver station which dominates the radio data technology of LTE. It is connected via a card slot on a laptop.

 

Wireless modem cards are more and more of a niche product, but most users prefer the much more portable USB flash drive. However, these sticks are in LTE design advised comparatively clunky, since you do need space to the necessary for LTE dual-antenna accommodate. It remains to be seen whether this will lead to a return of the wireless data cards.

 

This is theoretical consideration for the time being, as at present, Fujitsu is the world’s only LTE-compatible card on the market. It’s offered by Japanese mobile operator DoCoMo on its network: The F-06C from the Japanese manufacturer Fujitsu.

 

The radio modem in map form in LTE networks can receive a maximum of 75 megabits per second data (downlink) and 25 Mbps receive(uplink). In the UMTS network of the third generation, it offers a theoretical maximum 7.2Mbit/s when downloading the data transmission technology HSDPA and 5.7Mbit/s upload speeds with HSUPA.

 

What you should consider when buying

 

A data card is, given the very large size of the LTE Surf sticks, possibly a real alternative. This is especially true if the USB ports of your laptop or notebook computers are so close together that by LTE surf stick possibly two slots are blocked. In such cased, a wireless modem in card fromat can be a useful variant.

 

LTE: The chipmaker to upgrade

LTE is made by the world and the chipmaker to upgrade: the new high-speed mobile networks get new chips. That is smaller, faster and use less power.

 

Consumers drive the development of the mobile. The move will also use high speed internet. With LTE and LTE advanced will continue its development by radio reaches speeds that were previously only available via cable. These fast connections are not shared with big clunky PCs connected screens that hang permanently to the mains, but for devices that fit in our pockets and get the necessary power from a battery. A technical challenge for chip manufactures.

 

The Chips can expect faster

 

Modern smartphones have more applications: positioning and navigation, multimedia, play music, show videos and photos to build with various technologies such as WLAN, Bluetooth, HSPA+ and LTE data radio links and run individual programs such as games or emailing. There are also functions that run in the background as the control of energy consumption or the managing disk space, and new requirements such as faster data connections and a growing space.

 

The small calculators must therefore expect more and more. The computing power is given by technicians usually with Hertz. In 2002, chip was with an output of 27 megahertz, which could carry 23 million elementary arithmetic operations per second as super fast, so Thomas Nindl by U.S. chipmaker Qualcomm writes in an article for the portal. The technical term for this is 23 million instructions per second. Chips that are processed in smartphones today have been a performance of 1 GHz and can carry up to 2 billion elementary operations per second, or 2000 mbps. So you have a nearly ten times as strong computing performance.

 

A key technology for increasing the processing speed is the use of several small calculation machines, which are combines in one kit, and the count in parallel and independently. Technicians are talking about multi-core processors. These processors can perform several functions simultaneously, it’s not an application that is processed at a time, but several are processed simultaneously. This saves the user unnecessary wating time.

 

For PCs today are dual-core processors, with smartphones, they are compatible with the new fast LTE networks.

 

The Chips are getting smaller

 

At the same time, the components that make up these miniature calculators are assembled became smaller, only then, it’s possible to focus an increasing computational power on a smaller and smaller area.

 

The chips that pack more computing power in an area has a further advantage: reduces the power consumption.