Since November 2008, under the name IMT-Advanced, LTE and WiMAX are the specifications for the fourth generation of mobile.\u00a0The International Telecommunication Union (International Telecommunication Union, ITU short) set these requirements.<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/ins><\/p>\n Since October 2009, two technology families apply for the title of 4G wireless data technology of the future, according to the International Telecommunication Union.\u00a0Firstly, there is the advanced technology LTE Advanced, which evolutes from LTE.\u00a0Second, the applicant is provided with the bulky abbreviation IEEE 802.16m technology, which has evolved from the WiMAX group.<\/p>\n Colloquially LTE or Mobile WiMAX is already now referred to as 4G technologies.\u00a0In colloquial usage, technical standards, there are 3G systems.<\/p>\n The ITU standards: A gigabit per second is the goal<\/strong><\/p>\n Some key requirements on wireless technologies of the fourth generation: Higher transmission rates, greater bandwidth, high spectral efficiency and low latency and better coverage of the peripheral areas in the radio cells are crucial criteria.<\/p>\n As research targets for the transmission rate is at 100 megabits per second per the International Telecommunications Union, and gigabit per second high with low mobility.\u00a0There are also up to 40 megahertz scalable bandwidth for the transmission channel, but the researchers are encouraged to draw bandwidths up to 100 MHz considered.\u00a0The spectral efficiency is measured by measuring the transmission rate per bandwidth.\u00a0The ITU for IMT-Advanced set 15 bits per second per hertz (bits\/s\/Hz) on the downlink and 6.75 bit \/ s \/ Hz in the uplink.<\/p>\n As examples of different high top speeds in different widths, radio channels are given by the ITU on a channel of 40 megahertz (MHz) 600 Mbit\/s and on a channel of 100 Megahertz 1500 Mbit\/s respectively in the downlink.<\/p>\n The 4G LTE-Advanced candidate<\/strong><\/p>\n The bandwidth is LTE-Advanced<\/a> is significantly higher than the 3G.\u00a0Instead of 20 megahertz, LTE-Advanced can bundle multiple carriers and thus use up to 100 MHz simultaneously.\u00a0It is also possible that frequency bands in different frequency ranges are combined, since no operator has been on a continuous frequency range of 100 MHz\u00a0Currently these 100 MHz are only theoretically achievable, in practice more spectra has to be assigned.\u00a0This can happen only in 2015 at the World Radio Conference (WRC).\u00a0Until then, the bandwidth will probably be limited to 40MHz.<\/p>\n Another innovation that could keep up with LTE-Advanced collection is called “relay nodes”, i.e. relay stations.\u00a0This will allow, even outside the range of a base station to receive the signal.\u00a0In the edge region reinforce the signal relay stations.\u00a0Connected the relay stations are connected to the base station.\u00a0Thus, the signal strength inside buildings can be improved.<\/p>\n Increase the spectral efficiency<\/strong><\/p>\n The concept of multiple antennas (MIMO: Multiple Input \/ Multiple Output) technology, which is already partially used, will also be expanded.\u00a0Instead of two antennas at the transmitter and receiver (2×2 single-user MIMO) to be introduced up to eight antennas for the downlink (8×8 single-user MIMO).\u00a0For upload, still four antennas are used.\u00a0Simultaneously by using multiple antennas, a plurality of data streams on the same frequency is transmitted.\u00a0This not only increases the spectral efficiency, but also the transmission quality.<\/p>\n When the spectral efficiency of LTE-Advanced will even peak values of up to 30 bits\/s\/Hz can be achieved in the download as well as 15 bits \/ s \/ Hz in the upload.\u00a0LTE has the merit to 15 bits \/ s \/ Hz when receiving and at 3.75 bits \/ s \/ Hz when sending data.\u00a0This shows that, although LTE in terms of spectral efficiency can already meet the requirements of IMT-Advanced, but only in the download.\u00a0The upload, and in the range, it is far from being a 4G technology.<\/p>\n 4G: colloquial and technical language<\/strong><\/p>\n Although often LTE or Mobile WiMAX<\/a> called 4G technologies, they are from the standpoint of technical standards only further developments in the field of 3G and provide an intermediate step represents some criteria for IMT-Advanced are indeed fulfilled to some extent, by no means all.<\/p>\n Nevertheless, the marketing departments of international mobile operators call the new LTE technology, which is increasingly used in the United States, even as 4G, to illustrate the difference in the speed of data transmission in comparison to UMTS networks.\u00a0It is becoming apparent that this usage was soon penetrated.\u00a0Then LTE or similar technology, such as Mobile WiMAX are commonly referred to as 4G technology, and only in the jargon of technical standards still out as 3G technologies.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Since November 2008, under the name IMT-Advanced, LTE and WiMAX are the specifications for the fourth generation of mobile.\u00a0The International Telecommunication Union (International Telecommunication Union, ITU short) set these requirements. \u00a0 Since October 2009, two technology families apply for the title of 4G wireless data technology of the future, according to the International Telecommunication Union.\u00a0Firstly, … Continue reading Real 4G LTE Advanced Technology and the Future<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,12],"tags":[427,127,432,406,433,434,248,431],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.4gltemall.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/458"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.4gltemall.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.4gltemall.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.4gltemall.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.4gltemall.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=458"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.4gltemall.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/458\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":460,"href":"https:\/\/www.4gltemall.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/458\/revisions\/460"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.4gltemall.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=458"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.4gltemall.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=458"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.4gltemall.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=458"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}